Indonesia is associate degree agricultural country that's made in diversity of flora and incorporates a climate that's terribly appropriate for growing numerous sorts of plants. one in every of the plants that has amount and sensible prospects is plantation.
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| How to Complete Cultivation of Rubber Plants |
Where plantation crops have a giant enough role for economic development and convey in exchange for our country. additionally, plantation crops conjointly play a task in gap employment, turning into a supply of financial gain for the population, and conjointly as a preservation of nature.
One of the plantation crops that have contributed to the present is that the Ficus elastica. Rubber plants have high amount, thus it's not stunning that a lot of folks assume this plant is one in every of Indonesia's wealth.
Rubber plants area unit used as industrial raw materials, like shoe creating, engine drive belts, cables, insulators, and lots of a lot of.
Basically, cultivation of rubber plants isn't troublesome, it's simply that there area unit some technical cultivation that has got to be met to induce most production.
Matters that has got to be thought of in conducting Ficus elastica cultivation, embody growing conditions, nurseries, land preparation, planting, and maintenance.
The following area unit the stages of complete rubber cultivation:
Requirements for Growing Rubber Plants
Rubber plants area unit terribly appropriate once planted within the tropics. a decent tropical space for rubber cultivation covers a section of 15oLU-10oLS. The optimum downfall for Ficus elastica growth is between two,000-2,500 millimetre / year.
Meanwhile, the optimum temperature for growth and development of rubber plants is between 25-30oC. As for lighting, rubber plants would like enough daylight intensity between 5-7 hours / day.
Rubber cultivation can grow to its optimum if cultivated at associate degree altitude between 1-600m on top of water level. If the altitude is quite 600 m on top of water level, it'll be less appropriate for the cultivation of this plant. additionally, gusts of wind that area unit too robust even have a negative impact on rubber plants.
Basically, rubber plants will grow in conditions that area unit less fertile, however it needs the addition of plant food and correct soil management.
Some physical properties of the soil area unit sensible for rubber cultivation, as well as soil solum up to one hundred cm and no rocks, sensible soil aeration and emptying, crumb and poreus texture and might hold up. additionally, NPK content is additionally required in enough quantities.
Rubber plants are going to be appropriate to be planted in fields wherever the degree of acidity is close to traditional, with a soil hydrogen ion concentration tolerance vary of 4-8.
In addition to soil conditions, soil topography conjointly influences success in rubber cultivation. Rubber plants are going to be higher if planted on flat soil conditions.
Where during a flat condition can facilitate the election and also the method of taking latex. Land are going to be even higher if it's on the brink of water sources, like rivers or streams.
Nursery
In general, rubber seeds usually used for cultivation area unit derived from graft seeds. Seedlings for graft area unit obtained from seed origin as seedlings.
Grafting is that the attachment of buds from the higher and lower stem plants, each of that have superior properties.
Meanwhile, for rubber hatcheries it's necessary to initial germinate and nurseries. The initial step is that the choice of fine seeds with a sign of chromatic white to yellowness.
Germination are often tired a damp place like bagging sacks that area unit continuously wet and placed beneath the shade of a tree. additionally to bagging sacks, this germination may also be done on a crate that's given fine soil and on the surface besprent with sand.
While the rubber belly should be positioned below or towards the bottom so the roots will grow well and straight. once the seeds germinate straight off move to the nursery space rigorously. Seed transfer will use the assistance of atiny low bamboo and take a look at to stay the spear roots from being broken or bent.
In the nursery land assume a flat place, so plant growth are going to be sensible. additionally to land, nurseries may also be done on polybags. Things to notice during this nursery, that the nursery media should be soil that contains a great deal of organic and fertile material.
Next is that the graft technique, during which the technique of graft rubber plants is split into 2 ways that, particularly brown graft and inexperienced graft. This distinction lies within the root of the trunk. The brown graft technique on the rootstock is 9-18 months once breeding with brown color.
Whereas the inexperienced graft technique on the rootstock is between 5-8 months once breeding and continues to be inexperienced.
Meanwhile, for the stem of the brown graft technique mistreatment entres garden plants that area unit brownish-brown to brown in color, the stems area unit straight, and also the buds area unit sleeping.
Then for the highest graft inexperienced inexperienced technique should use wood that has been aged 1-3 months once pruning.
The stems to be used area unit still inexperienced or there area unit already 1-2 leaf umbrellas and also the graft ought to be tired the morning at 07.00-10.30 within the time of year that's not serious.
Land Preparation
In the preparation of rubber land there area unit terms replanting and newplanting. Replanting is replanting once associate degree previous rubber crop has been out of production or not economical.
While newplanting is land clearing for rubber plants, wherever antecedently the land had ne'er been wont to plant rubber.
Basically the land preparation for planting rubber is that the same because the land preparation for different plantation crops. For land wherever the clearing space is meted out automatically, whereas for land that's not large enough to be done manually employing a reap hook.
After that, leave little items of wood and unfold equally so it becomes weather-beaten with further organic material.
Then build a path or roads that build it simple to move the latex to the process website. to wash up worrisome plants you ought to use a chemical with a wise dose, and to anticipate root diseases use a antifungal agent.
Planting
The first step in planting rubber is to create a planting hole with a spacing of three x seven m marked employing a stake. The planting hole is created with a size of 60cm x 60cm x 60cm for mini stum graft seeds.
As for the tall stum graft seedlings, that area unit around 2-3 years previous, the opening is created with a size of 80cm x 80cm x 80cm.
Try to be a lot of careful in planting and ensure the roots go straight down. additionally, you'll conjointly add 100g SP-36 plant food and fifty gram carbamide as a basic plant food.
Meanwhile, to take care of the structure of the soil and forestall it from erosion, it's necessary to plant legumes (ground cowl plants). sorts of plants usually wont to cowl soil, particularly Leguminoceae (Centrosema pubescens, Calopogonium mucunoides, and genus Pueraria javanica).
Plant Maintenance
After we feature out the stages of planting, future step is plant maintenance. Rubber maintenance is split into vi, particularly replanting, peyiangan, fertilizing, selecting, maintaining legumes and rejuvenating.
The following area unit the stages of Ficus elastica maintenance:
Stitching
Preparation of seeds for replanting Ficus elasticas ought to be tired conjunction with creating rubber plant seeds, so as to get uniformity in spermatophyte growth. Replanting rubber seedlings is meted out once the plant is 1-2 years previous, whereas for the third year no a lot of replanting is command.
Weeding
Weeding rubber plants from the presence of worrisome plants like weeds are often done manually or with chemicals. Weeding are often done a minimum of two or three times in one year.
Fertilization
In a shot to accelerate growth and maximize the yield of rubber production, fertilization is required for plants. Fertilizers usually employed in rubber plantations area unit carbamide, DS and KCl. for various doses of plant food application adjusted to the condition of soil fertility.
Regular fertilization is given double a year, with initial fertilization in January-February and second fertilization in July-August. we have a tendency to suggest that one week before fertilization is created gawangan initial and clean the plant disc.
Plant choice
A healthy and homogenised choice of plants for sound ought to be done. If there area unit celebrated plants that area unit unhealthy or have sickness, cutting ought to be done by activity the affected trees.
Maintenance of legumes (cover crops)
Ground cowl plants that operate to take care of soil structure and forestall erosion conjointly got to be treated. the upkeep of this ground cowl plant includes fertilizing and pruning. Fertilization is finished to take care of plant growth so it remains fertile. Plant plant food that's usually used, particularly Leguminoceae kind of inexperienced plant food.
Then pruning is finished employing a reap hook or matchet if the quilt crop has grownup tall.
Rejuvenation
The last stage within the maintenance of rubber plants is rejuvenation. wherever rejuvenation of Ficus elasticas is finished if the rubber plant is previous and not productive.
Rejuvenation is finished by reducing rubber trees and prying the Ficus elastica stumps. at the moment the rejuvenation is finished an equivalent, as will the gap of latest land.
However, it's necessary to feature plant food once planting seedlings. that's as a result of the previous land of rubber cultivation incorporates a skinny nature (less fertile). additionally to legume plants (ground cowl crops) got to be destroyed and replaced with new ones to stop microorganism infections.
